Alliance54.com | Climate Change

October 25, 2023

25 Oct 2023

Deadlocked Loss and Damage Funding: Rich countries trample on equity and trust in global climate agreement

The fourth meeting of the Transition Committee for the operationalisation of the Loss and Damage Fund ended in Aswan, Egypt with no clear resolutions on key issues especially where the Loss and Damage Fund (agreed to in COP27, at Sharm el-Sheikh) would be domiciled.

From October 17 to 20, 2023, developed countries led by the United States of America held their ground, insisting that they must have total control over this fund, which they say is being established for developing countries.

Many experts including Harjeet Singh, the Head of Global and Political Strategy of the Climate Action Network (CAN), saw this resolution as a complete disappointment. This insistence by the U.S and her allies is nothing short of an attempt to exert control over developing countries.

By trying so hard to force developing countries to accept that the Loss and Damage Fund must be domiciled within the World Bank – an institution long seen by developing countries as serving the interests of developed countries – developed countries led by the United States and Switzerland have once again showed that, for them, climate action is not about justice and corrections of the mistakes of the past, but more about them exercising powers over anything and everything in the world.

Historically, emissions by developed countries created the climate crisis. Furthermore, those emissions were used by developed countries to boost their technological progress giving them an advantage when it comes to control and access to finance and technologies needed to cut down emissions. Having exploited the common resources of the entire world to get to this point, it is only a fair that they should support poor countries who are bearing the impact of the climate crisis to grow in a more sustainable way.

Five Challenges Africa Must Address To Achieve A Green Economic Revolution

Strong leadership, smart incentives and an inclusive approach are among the requirements if African nations are to successfully put the environment at the heart of their economic growth.

This was the finding of international researchers involved in a project led by the University of Reading. The Governing Inclusive Green Growth in Africa (GIGGA) Network is setting out a framework for robust assessment and understanding of green growth governance in Africa.

Professor Chuks Okereke, Professor of Environment and Development at the University of Reading, and project lead, said: “Green economy has immense potential in Africa, but it is an area that is very poorly understood in the continent due to a lack of research. There is an opportunity for many African countries to leapfrog more developed economies by integrating green schemes at this early stage in their growth.

“We are seeking to help countries put green initiatives at the centre of their development, by laying the foundations for an inclusive, structured approach to transforming economies.”

The research team assessed more than 950 academic literature and 500 high-profile economy activities in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda and South Africa, to develop a research agenda on governing inclusive green growth in Africa to inform future ESRC and Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) funding activity. Inequality and poverty are still issues across the continent, while economic growth is still largely reliant on natural, non-renewable resources.

They identified five areas where more research is needed to identify opportunities and limitations for green growth for Africa’s economy:

Infrastructural investment Infrastructure, such as roads, airports, housing and power stations, in many African countries is not adequate for the population, while many have limited access to electricity and clean water. A positive aspect is that there is little environmentally-damaging infrastructure to be replaced, offering a blank canvas for green development. New funding, both from public and private sources, is needed.
Institution Most progress in pushing green growth in Africa so far has come from strong political will and leadership. It is a key research challenge to understand what model of governance allows such arrangements to work. Some deep-rooted laws and behaviours also need to be modernised.
Incentives Many countries have plans, but few have been translated into policies with clear incentives and penalties. Workshops run by the project team identified a lack of ownership of green policies by African governments.
Innovation Limited funding, infrastructure and human/technical capacity is currently hindering innovation, which is crucial for agriculture and waste management plans. Increased green innovation research capacity at universities and research institutions is needed. Most funding currently comes from Europe, which means research agendas may not be focused on African concerns.
Inclusiveness There is currently large gap between the rich and poor in Africa, but green growth emphasises equity and social inclusion. For example, cooking and farming initiatives directly benefit poorer communities. Environmental initiatives are often at odds with social ones, and corruption in government and private sectors is an issue, so more research is needed to ensure green growth does not harm poorest communities.

The GIGGA Network was formed to respond to the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) Strategic Networks call in 2016. It is a multidisciplinary research group, also including African think tanks, civil society organisations and government departments.

The Network is backed by £145,000 by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), and won a £15,000 grant from the Global Challenges Research Fund.

The GIGGA Network project will be profiled as part of Green Great Britain Week by the European and Social Research Council (ESRC). The week, starting 15 October, is a new initiative that seeks to highlight opportunities presented by clean growth and allow the UK government to support climate action.

A video produced by the network on the challenges of governing inclusive green growth in Africa is available here https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQsxTSp7OinGfGX3uduVQPw?view_as=subscriber

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May 15, 2018

15 May 2018

Scaling up climate investments will require innovation in five key areas

Just ask the investors: businesses in emerging markets can no longer afford to ignore the risks posed by the changing climate to their bottom lines. Ranging from increasingly frequent and severe weather events to new regulations and changing consumer preferences, climate change is fundamentally transforming the way we do business. Increasingly, companies and their investors are seeking opportunities to transition to and invest in climate-smart portfolios.

By all accounts, engaging the private sector in climate-smart investments will be a cornerstone to growing climate business. In many sectors they already play a large role, supplying nearly a third of global investment in research and development of new renewable energy technologies, or $2.5 billion in 2016 alone. Scaling these technologies up to meet targets set in the Paris climate agreement, however, will require trillions more in innovative climate-smart investments particularly in emerging markets. And this presents us with opportunities. In fact, IFC estimates that 21 developing countries alone hold over $23 trillion in climate-smart investment opportunities through 2030.

The time to capitalize on these opportunities is now. In the words of Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope, from their recent book, Climate of Hope: “… We believe that by changing the way we think and talk about climate change, we can lower the temperature of the debate – and accomplish a whole lot more.”

And this captures very well what IFC is all about — creating markets, creating and supporting businesses that are financially and environmentally sustainable, and through that, making a difference. Closing off a successful fiscal year in 2017, IFC committed close to $4.8 billion from its own account and mobilized funds from other investors in climate-smart industries, helping scale up climate investments in 41 emerging markets. While these industries are all showing promise, there are five sectors where, based on our experience, innovative approaches are poised to widen the tent, attracting billions in private sector capital.

1. Climate-smart Agribusiness

Unquestionably, meeting future demand for food will be one of the world’s greatest climate-related challenges. The human population is projected to grow from 7.3 billion as of 2015 to 9.7 billion by 2050. Without robust steps to increase productivity and climate resilience of agricultural practices, business-as-usual is expected to reduce global agriculture yields by up to 50 percent by 2030. Fortunately, businesses are beginning to employ climate-smart agriculture measures that can dramatically increase productivity and resilience while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. IFC is focused on helping scale these practices by providing investment and support for specific agribusiness needs, including increasing productivity of animal protein producers, optimizing inputs through precision agriculture, and reducing food waste through investments in logistics and infrastructure.

2. Green Buildings

Another significant impact of global population growth will be the rapid growth of urban environments which will exert pressure on existing building stocks. Buildings are estimated to be responsible for about one third of global greenhouse gas emissions.

This challenge also creates an opportunity for climate-smart investment in green buildings. To help private lenders understand and engage in this opportunity, IFC is helping promote a universal and accessible green performance standard to identify areas for cost savings in buildings. The IFC EDGE program offers developers and investors a free tool to choose options to reduce consumption of energy, water, and extracted materials in new and existing building stock.

3. Smart Cities

As global population and incomes rise, 70 percent of developing country populations are expected to live in cities by 2050. This opens doors for opportunities to build “smart” cities, capable of sustainably meeting demand for infrastructure in urban environments, and private sector interventions are now dramatically changing urban landscapes. In the United States, ride sharing services such as Uber and Lyft are reducing car ownership in cities, which can subsequently reduce congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. IFC is investing in public-private partnerships in Turkey to expand metro rail services and in India to upgrade street lighting networks.

Changing climate is already changing us: Are we prepared?

The tragedy that comes with the change in climate that caused landslides and flooding recently hit Sierra Leone, one of the jewels of Africa. What can we learn from this moment of pain?
Let’s put things into perspective. In Sierra Leone – and across Africa – the science is unequivocal: Climate change is a contributory factor, alongside man-made elements like deforestation and encroachment, to the kind of disaster that hit Sierra Leone in August 2017. This is no longer an abstract issue.

According to the US National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center, Sierra Leone received an unprecedented amount of rainfall this year – three times the normal seasonal rainfall. Such torrential rains are a clear sign of the changing climate. In August 2017, at the height of the rainy season, Freetown received an unprecedented average of 539,9mm of rainfall. With its land size of 356,9km2, Freetown had an average of 190 million cubic meters of rain water to drain. This extreme volume of water, combined with human factors like encroachment on natural environment such as creeks and wetlands, which are the natural drainage and storage systems for flood waters, as well as construction on flood-prone areas and inefficient drainage systems, among other factors, cumulatively precipitated this disaster.

In early 2017, new data from the UK Met Office, the United Kingdom’s national weather service, and the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) show that the earth’s temperature has increased to about 1,1°C above pre-industrial levels. This is dangerously close – just 0,4°C away – from the 1,5°C threshold set by the Paris Climate Change Agreement to prevent the worsening effects of climate change. At this rate, the vulnerability of Africa’s coastal cities is unprecedented. Sea level rise is projected to hit coastal cities – 14% higher than the global average by 2100 for the fast approaching over 4°C warming scenario. The impact will stretch far and wide beyond Freetown to expose millions to risk of flooding. By 2050, high numbers are projected in coastal cities of Mozambique (5million), Tanzania (2million), Cameroon (2million), Egypt (1million), Senegal (0.5million), and Morocco (0.5million). Such flooding will reverse economic and development gains with the ensuing health impacts and damage to infrastructure, loss of tourist sites and disruption in food supply. It will also expose the populations to elevated food prices, loss of livelihoods and strife.

As far as ecosystems degradation is concerned, Africa loses up to USD68 billion annually. This means that the continent’s natural buffer against such impending climate change effects is being lost at a rate of about USD180 million daily.

The science is clear. The escalating climate change knows no boundaries, and this is coupled with an increasingly degraded environment. Countries across Africa need to urgently address these dual challenges if we want to forestall similar disasters in future.

This is the logic behind the universal, global response to climate change that has been called for under the Paris Agreement. Sierra Leone, classified as the third most vulnerable country to climate change, stands to benefit from being part of this global collective action – and it is among the countries that have ratified the Paris Agreement, demonstrating its resolve to combat climate change. In fact, Africa as a whole has shown global leadership in responding to climate change.

The good news is that practical solutions have been successfully applied across Africa. In Rwanda’s Geshwati area, a land suitability and use map is informing policy decisions to relocate vulnerable communities from previously encroached natural environments and high-risk areas to safer habitation areas. Considering that agriculture is the backbone of these communities, this plan is also informing on ecosystems-based adaptation (EBA) agriculture techniques that the communities can safely engage in for their livelihoods without degrading the area. Simultaneously, the plan is guiding the restoration of previously degraded catchment areas using EBA techniques like agro-forestry and the planting of indigenous trees, among others, to stabilize soils and slopes and to regulate flood waters. This has eradicated landslides that were once a common phenomenon in the area.

A similar two-pronged strategy has been successfully applied to build resilience in Mozambique’s coastal communities that were highly vulnerable to coastal flooding. For example, an investment of USD120 per person to rehabilitate depleted mangroves and establish crab farming restored mangroves. These have become natural buffers against coastal flooding while simultaneously preventing future encroachment by providing alternative livelihood activities away from the mangroves. Read more →

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November 20, 2017

20 Nov 2017

Africa’s Green Bonds: A Way to Finance the Future

International finance associations, the European Investment Bank and the World Bank Treasury issued their first green bonds in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The issuance of the green bonds provided investors with liquid, fixed income investment options that supported climate-focused and environmentally friendly projects.

The Main Objectives

Among other goals, such projects aim to achieve biodiversity conservation, sustainable water management, and clean transportation. The market reached a turning point in 2013 as the first corporate green bonds were issued, increasing the market size to $11bn. In 2016, over $81bn in green bonds were issued, driven in part by an increase in issuers, issue types, structures and investment vehicles.

Moody’s suggested that the global green bond issuance may rise to approximately $208bn in 2017.

This is indeed a very likely outcome as the expansion of green bond types and structures continues to attract multiple potential issuers, including China. The country is expected to contribute around $60bn in green bonds issued in 2017.

Other Players

In recent months, France and Poland became the first countries to issue sovereign green bonds. Countries likely to follow suit in 2017 include Bangladesh, China, Luxembourg, Morocco, Sweden, and Nigeria. Africa’s powerhouse, Nigeria, plans to be one of the first African states to float sovereign green bonds to fund sustainable projects in the economy.

At the Green Bonds Capital Market & Investors Conference, the acting President of Nigeria, Professor Yemi Asinbajo, stated that arrangements were being made for the inauguration of the first African Sovereign Green Bond, worth some 20 billion nairas, to address climate change and environmental projects.

Some of the projects to be financed include a solar unit distribution program for 20 states of the federation and a reforestation program for 26 states. With solar power becoming the world’s cheapest source of energy for electricity, this presents opportunities for investments and diversification, which could cut significant costs for organisations as the nation works towards bouncing back from recession. Whether or not the green bonds will be oversubscribed may depend largely on incentives and regulation of the bonds.

Putting the Money to Good Use

In November, Masen (Morocco’s Agency for Sustainable Energy) issued Morocco’s first ever green bond of €106m. The proceeds from the bond issue will be used to finance the development of 170 MW in the NOOR PV1 project, providing solar power through three plants.

Other African states, including Kenya, are gearing up to take be active in the green bond markets as they work towards supporting the 2015 pledge by world leaders to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius this century.

A Positive Outcome

Apart from potential tax incentives, African states may be able to achieve more sustainable growth in relatively early stages of development in contrast to more developed states. The introduction of the issuance of green bonds increases the priority for sustainable development on the continent, thus encouraging African countries to avoid the mistakes (in sustainable development) that developed economies made in their infancy.

A potential challenge for African states hoping to attain finance for funds through green bonds is the size of the projects and their financing needs. The size of the projects may need to be increased in order to ensure that they are more attractive.

Although the issuance of green bonds is growing fast, it is still less than $1trn, a tiny fraction of the $90trn global bond market. OECD studies suggest that the global annual green bond issuance will need to rise by between $620bn and $720bn for the G20 to meet its climate change targets. Read more →

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November 14, 2017

14 Nov 2017

Why green bonds must deliver on environment goals

Green bonds are an excellent way to secure large amounts of capital to support environmental investments that may not otherwise be available, or that may be uneconomic using more expensive capital.

They also allow fixed-income investors to both fulfil their investment objectives and make a positive impact on the environment.

Green bonds are well suited for large-scale sustainability projects such as wind and solar development, which often require capital investment ahead of revenues, and which generate modest revenue over a longer investment horizon.

Back in 2011, when the green bond market was tiny, development banks such as the World Bank were the only issuers on the scene so it was relatively easy for investors to assess the credibility of the bond, as the market has grown, attempts have been made to set standards and help investors be sure their money really is helping to tackle climate change.

Green Bonds are similar or the same as traditional bonds in terms of deal structure, but they have different requirements for reporting, auditing and proceed allocations.

Aligning with the principles can help companies tailor their sustainability strategy to the investor audience, as well as provide an opportunity to create performance indicators to ensure the use of green bond proceeds.

Many investors also prefer if a green bond has a second party opinion, which requires issuers to define the sustainability initiatives that will be financed by the green bond and how they will measure that performance.

Green Bonds enable capital-raising and investment for new and existing projects with environmental benefits. The Green Bond Principles (GBP), updated as of June 2017, are voluntary process guidelines that recommend transparency and disclosure and promote integrity in the development of the Green Bond market by clarifying the approach for issuance of a Green Bond.

The GBP are intended for broad use by the market: they provide issuers guidance on the key components involved in launching a credible Green Bond; they aid investors by ensuring availability of information necessary to evaluate the environmental impact of their Green Bond investments; and they assist underwriters by moving the market towards standard disclosures which will facilitate transactions.

Investors are increasingly demanding socially responsible investment (SRI) opportunities and have expressed a strong appetite for green bonds by repeatedly oversubscribing issuances.

While retail investors demand sustainable investments from their brokers and fund managers, institutional investors are using green bonds to address ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) mandates that, before Green Bonds, had been a struggle to address with fixed-income tools.

As a result, green bond issuances have attracted new types of investors, providing a potential market for future issuances.

Issuing this emerging security type sends a strong, pro-active message to stakeholders while attracting a new investor base in the fixed-income market with a low-risk vehicle.

While green, sustainability and blue (related to ocean and water impacts) bonds are relatively new financial vehicles, it is unlikely their growth will slow down. Read more →

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November 10, 2017

10 Nov 2017

Egypt closer to build the world’s largest PV Park after World Bank approves $660m for 500MW of solar

The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group, has unanimously approved investments worth $660m for a total 500MW of solar projects to be located on Benban solar complex in Egypt.

The funds will be used to finance 13 large-scale PV projects being developed from both public and private companies.

Mouayed Makhlouf, IFC Director for the Middle East and North Africa said: “This landmark investment demonstrates that when you have the right reform policies, and a government willing to allow greater involvement by the private sector, you can attract investors in every sector, including infrastructure” adding “Investments like these are the nucleus for economic growth, which is needed in Egypt”.

The projects will be part of the 2GW national goal through Egypt’s landmark solar Feed-in Tariff (FiT) programme, aiming to harvest the country’s rich solar potential and develop the largest solar photovoltaic generation park in the world.

The 2 GW goal will be achieved through the development of 40 individual solar projects of approximately 50 MW each and help Egypt meet its target to source 20% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020.

Egypt’s solar FiT programme, will include projects financed by several development institutions like the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Proparco and is expected to be one of the largest foreign direct investments in years.

Last June, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) approved a $500m package for 13 large-scale PV projects, as part of a 16-projects plant of 750MW total capacity.

Harry Boyd- Carpenter, Head of Power and Energy at the EBRD “We have been working with the Egyptian authorities since 2014 to help them fulfil their ambitious goals in this area. We are delighted now to be in a position to commit very significant financing to projects, which we expect to start construction before the end of 2017”.

The trust of Development Institutions to Egypt is expected to catalyse a further debt and equity inflow of $2 billion, highlighting Egypt’s re-emergence as an attractive investment destination.

The news came along despite Egypt’s announcement last December to reduce the FiT rate for PV projects to US$0.084 and US$0.078/kWh.

At the time, several power project developers claimed that the new rates would put in question the viability of several projects, although the new FiT price level is in line to rates seen in other regional markets.

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November 1, 2017

01 Nov 2017

First African sovereign green bond ready for launch

Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, has confirmed that the federal government will launch the first African sovereign green bond next month, which will finance renewable energy projects.

“I am pleased to inform this distinguished assembly that the federal government will be launching the first African sovereign green bond in December 2017.

“The bond will be used to finance renewable energy projects. We are very excited about this development as it will go a long way in solving many of our energy challenges, especially in the hinterland,’’ Buhari said.

According to the Premium Times, the President said this in Abuja on Tuesday while presenting the 2018 budget proposal to the National Assembly.

This development follows Vice President, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo, announcement in February stating that the government was making arrangements to inaugurate the first African sovereign green bonds.

Osinbajo had also indicated that the federal government was planning to allocate $63 million under the green bonds initiative.

Green bond evolution in Africa

Green bonds are gaining traction across the continent, last month the South African stock exchange (JSE), also celebrated the launch of its Green Bond Segment, which provides a platform for companies and other institutions to raise funds ring-fenced for low carbon initiatives.

Donna Nemer, Director of Capital Markets at the JSE said the introduction of the green bond provides companies with an effective tool to raise capital for investments into sustainable projects that would have been funded internally.

“Issuing a green bond can help companies to strengthen their credentials as sustainable and responsible organisations. At the same time green bonds allow investors to mitigate the effects of climate risk as a part of their investment portfolio, while these bonds also satisfy environment, social and governance requirements and green investment mandates,” Nemer said.

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October 13, 2017

13 Oct 2017

Impact investing and SDGs need more than dollars alone

Trillions of dollars are needed annually to achieve the goals set out by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the SDGs: the estimated US$3.9 trillion required annually to achieve the goals are among the most quoted figures amid international development actors; similarly quoted is the US$2.5 trillion gap between the full estimate and the current combined ODA, public and private funding; or the US$1 trillion per annum alone to transition to a low-carbon economy.

To help close the gap, new sources of capital, especially private, need to be tapped. One key to investing at scale for impact is to attract deeper pockets of private capital by leveraging limited public funding through blended finance. Capital alone, however, is not the only challenge to be tackled.

Professional intermediation and capacity to do so is a considerable bottleneck. This ranges from identifying or even developing investable opportunities, designing investment vehicles, raising capital or matching investors with investments, and managing these impact assets with developmental goals and returns at heart–throughout all stages of an investment cycle, starting from sourcing.

Funds and fund managers who live and breathe impact investing have been proliferating more recently. Yet, the professionals and assets under management lag far behind the numbers needed to address any significant part of the multiple trillion-dollar gap. Fund managers who are new to this space find it hard to gain credibility and traction, cover any pilot testing and ramp up periods, and source capital, for instance.

Creating the universe of future leading fund managers and investment vehicles to achieve the SDGs is as key as capital to be invested. Impact investing veterans, such as Innpact, thus work on a range of solutions to help build professionalism–capacities, competence, expertise–and ecosystems for impact investing.

One initiative is the Climate Finance Accelerator announced in June 2017 by the Government of Luxembourg and developed together with eight private actors–including Innpact, the Luxembourg Microfinance and Development Fund and leading accounting, legal and tax firms. The accelerator will address three main issues for start-up fund managers in climate finance and will be a central point of support and access for them by providing:

early stage loans for operating capital
bespoke mentorship in neuralgic areas such as fundraising, climate finance expertise or impact methods
a ready-to-use toolbox for fund set-up and management, e.g. financial model, policies and procedures, impact monitoring and reporting tools
training in core areas.

In another initiative, Innpact pursues the development of a turn-key platform for impact investing. This white-label platform will address the constraints of many, especially innovative, smaller funds. By engaging an impact fund manager and drawing on impact finance services, such as developing fund policies, systems and reporting tools, the initiators will be able to strengthen their fund management expertise while focusing on the delivery of investment advisory services.

At Innpact (www.innpact.com) we specialise in services fostering sustainable impact finance initiatives. To this we dedicate our advice and expertise in design, set up and management for impact investing, drawing on our team and an established network of partners and advisors in Africa and around the developing world.

Meet Innpact at the 2nd Africa Impact Investing Leaders Forum 2017 in London, United Kingdom.

By Innpact

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October 5, 2017

05 Oct 2017

Could Alternative Sanitation help SA’s Water Security?

As the 30th driest country in the world, South Africa is facing greater water security challenges with increasing periods of drought and unpredictable rainfall patterns.

According to a case study on alternative sanitation for water security done by Tomorrow Matters Now, 19.5% of South Africans are still without an improved sanitation service and 4.9% of South Africans have no access to sanitation.

For 60% of water management systems, water demand is overtaken by supply, while 98% of our available water resources are already being used. At the same time, South Africa’s water and sanitation infrastructure is crumbling because of a chronic lack of investment.

Local municipalities are faced with these challenges and its effects on a daily basis.

Some of these include the age old problems of institutional or financial shortcomings and capacity constraints, a delay in sanitation services linked to a delay in housing, and the continued maintenance and improvement of basic sanitation.

Waste management has also become an increasing problem with water treatment plants having released raw sewage into rivers in the past due to poor management and maintenance backlogs.

The case study found the need for alternative means of sanitation.

Providing universal access to conventional waterborne sanitation is one of government’s biggest challenges, and the critical aspects of hygiene and dignity, as well as a healthy and resilient environment need to be addressed.

The study said that ‘flushing’ cannot be the solution as we cannot continue to use clean, portable water to flush waste. “We need game-changing new technologies which require little or no water,” the findings suggested.

Technology

The study suggested that alternative means of sanitation require low-water and no-water systems, low-energy wastewater treatment, sustainable operations and maintenance, and be an adaptable, integrated system that can ‘click into place’.

The Arumloo micro-flush toilet was cited as an example as it only uses 1 litre of water.

Biokube, a Danish company, was said to be a reputable in building decentralised waste-water treatment plants which have been implemented in more than 43 countries. Its “strength lies in scalability from household level, to resorts, to small cities,” the report said.

Partnerships

The development of a viable partnership model involving the combined efforts of governments, communities, citizens, civil society and the private sector is critical for success, the study added.

It also noted the following factors as crucial for success:

Community involvement/mobilisation
Stakeholder feedback loop: representation of the community’s needs, and education around/exposure to project developments
Citizens themselves as early adopters
Move forward together on an equalised journey towards improved sanitation

Tag Archive for: Climate Change

Deadlocked Loss and Damage Funding: Rich countries trample on equity and trust in global climate agreement

Five Challenges Africa Must Address To Achieve A Green Economic Revolution

Scaling up climate investments will require innovation in five key areas

Changing climate is already changing us: Are we prepared?

Africa’s Green Bonds: A Way to Finance the Future

The Main Objectives

Other Players

Putting the Money to Good Use

A Positive Outcome

Why green bonds must deliver on environment goals

Egypt closer to build the world’s largest PV Park after World Bank approves $660m for 500MW of solar

First African sovereign green bond ready for launch

Green bond evolution in Africa

Impact investing and SDGs need more than dollars alone

Could Alternative Sanitation help SA’s Water Security?

Technology

Partnerships

Read more →

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